Middle+Ages

 __Mikes Page__

Works Cited // Battle of Sluys //. 14th Century. The Battle of Sluys was a important naval battle of the Hundred Years’ War. This war was between France and England it happened on June 24 1340. Some of the ships carried cannons and catapults. Quieret assembled around 200 ships. He had an estimate of 25000 to 40000 men. Edward had may archers, and men at arms. This Hundred Year war had a big turning point econmiclly, people started to do more trading. French rulers expanded their power politically. Socially there was not really many wars after that so population went higher because less people were dying.// Chapel //. N.d. //ABC-Clio: World History//. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . This is a picture of Charlemagne’s Palatine Chapel. This place is now a central piece of Aachen Cathedral in Germany. It is one of best surviving examples of Carolingian architecture. The chapel began construction in 786. Charlemagne established his residence and court in Aachen he was born in this town. It was not a perfect replica of San Vitale but Charlemagne’s Cathedral was much sturdier than San Vitale. The Cathedral was known to hold at least 7,000 people. Above the entrance there was something where the emperor could look down at his people. Charlemagne’s remains were put in the Palatine Chapel in 814. During 1531 the Cathedral became an imperial coronation church. 1355 pilgrims use the cathedral the choir was redone into a more Gothic Style Church. The cathedral was dedicated in 1414. A restoration progam began in 1995.// CrossBow //. N.d. //ABC-Clio World History: Ancient: Entry Display//. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Here is the Crossbow they were usually made of wood and then steel. The crossbows were popular during the crusades also know as Holy Wars. It was know in Greece and was made as early as Han dynasty in China. The cross bow did not need years of practice to use but on the other hand regular bows needed years of practice. To make a crossbow back in the middle ages was very difficult. The crossbows body was first made of wood and then later on steel the steel increased its power. The power was so strong that it made armor useless at close range. In A.D 1139 the Christians banded the use of a crossbow. The Crossbow was used a lot and was popular until powered weapons took over.// Magna Carta //. 1215. //thewherewithal//. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . The Magna Carta was a document that set the major limits on medieval kingship. The document was made because a conflict between King John of England and rebellious aristocrats. The King attempted to increase the level of taxation through income taxes and through special laws pertaining to forests. Pope Innocent 3rd had the rights to appoint arc bishops. Aristocrats also called barons gathered together in 1215 and forced king john to concede certain rights and protections, which were then recorded and promulgated in the Magna Carta. Magna Carta covers large numbers of specific legal questions. The barons are permitted to seize all the king’s possessions, and the public is has to swear allegiance to the barons. The Magna Carta was also a step away from kingship and toward parliamentary democracy. King John died in the middle of the war in 1216 the war was called " First Barons’ War." The Magna Carta recognized legal rights of townspeople & church. The king was not allowed to raise taxes without consulting great council of lords. Also monarchs must obey the law. The Magna carta had 63 laws. It allowed every free man from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment and other legal actions.